Archive for the 'Linux in Education' Category

OLPC in Australia

Thanks to reader oiaohm for providing a link to the following video presentation on the One Laptop Per Child implementation in Australia. Key points:

  • remote locations require a programme like OLPC to bring in IT to education
  • focus is on younger students and using IT to teach, not teaching IT
  • just dumping in the technology does not work
  • teachers, schools and communities need to be prepared/gotten on board to bring success
  • students are a huge asset
  • educational results are dramatic
  • it’s GNU/Linux and they provide both Sugar and GNOME

This documentary is about a programme to bring the XO notebooks to hundreds of thousands of students over the next five years. TCO is about $380 with the local school paying only $80 for training/support. $300 is paid by corporate sponsors such as banks/ISPs in Australia. see http://dev.laptop.org.au/

Note on the presenter’s T-shirt:“No, I will not fix your computer.”

- Robert Pogson

Solution Finds A Problem

The Chromebook, essentially a browser built into a thin-ish client, has not been wildly successful in the marketplace because many people find it limiting compared to thick clients but there are exceptions. Education has some unique requirements:

  • Young people are young and inexperienced so a limited environment is a perfect way to protect them from themselves as well as a lot of other dangers in an anything-goes environment.
  • Schools and educators are not IT experts but need to serve in the place of parents when children are at school.
  • Students don’t need the latest version of every feature-bloated app. In fact, it’s much easier to teach the important principles of IT using stripped-down minimal software. The important uses of IT in education are efficiently finding, creating, modifying, storing and presenting information. A thin client can do those things better than a thick client because servers can be beefier than thick clients and still fit the budget (and just about everything is in RAM except users’ data).
  • Oh, yes. Thin clients like Chromebooks cost less to acquire and cost less to maintain simply because they have fewer parts.
  • Students have wide ranges of ability and a client system that is simpler will be usable by just about every one.
  • Schools can set up their own servers or web portals as start-pages and make every web application and database in the school system easy to find.
  • Using thin clients means schools have fewer machines to configure/maintain/upgrade. That costs much less, performs more reliably and is much more secure.

Google has expressed surprise that Chromebooks are popular with schools. I’m not surprised. I’ve been there and done that. Thin clients work in education. A bonus for everyone is that the software is based on Linux so it works for the users/owners and not M$ which provides software to schools to lock-in students and keep revenue flowing, something that is not part of an educational system’s mandate.

- Robert Pogson

OLPC Gets it Right, Finally

The OLPC (One Laptop Per Child) was a fine concept but plagued with errors and distractions. The major distraction was having Wintel involved in any way. The prime motivation of Wintel is to make money for Wintel partners not to educate the world. Now OLPC are doing it right:

  • no more x86; switching to 1gHz ARM, an economical and efficient solution for material cost, capital cost and energy consumption, and
  • GNU/Linux, the right way to do IT or Android/Linux. GNU/Linux is more efficient than Android/Linux because it’s mostly native code.

On top of the technology which should be appropriate any place on Earth, OLPC is still innovating about how IT can be used in education. That’s huge. Much of the world lacks education and IT. OLPC can foster both.

see OLPC’s XO-3 tablet to debut at CES

see also Marvell and One Laptop per Child Unveil the XO 3.0 Tablet

- Robert Pogson

Toronto Globe and Mail Seeks Nominees for Technologically Innovative Teachers

I nominated myself, and GNU/Linux, of course… ;-)

see Nominate a tech innovator in the classroom

- Robert Pogson

DIY IT

The world needs information technology and can makes its own. It does not depend on M$ to provide it. I tell everyone that GNU/Linux is a cooperative product of the world and it works. Every need gets filled. Everyone gets the IT they need.

Too often, trolls, apologists and astroturfers proclaim that such cooperation is “broken” and cannot work for some silly reasons. The truth is out there. Consider education. Teacher, students and schools need content to focus minds. The price of textbooks lately has risen to the point where alternatives are being sought. As a computer teacher I never needed textbooks as the web provided abundance. Now this technology is spreading to other subject areas and one jurisdiction had teachers cooperatively generate content, for pay, for 1/10 the cost of textbooks. On top of the savings, the content can adapt to local circumstances and evolve with the curriculum without having to chuck the whole set of textbooks, ever. This is way more efficient.

Repeatedly commentators repeat tirelessly that such-and-such an application being only available on that other OS requires that other OS. It’s not true. In GNU/Linux, many organizations are large and diverse enough to supply whatever application they need in-house. If they lack the expertise to actually produce software they can hire programmers to develop software to specifications cheaper than they can buy licences for non-Free software. In my own work, I have never needed to pay for software since I switched to GNU/Linux. I found what I needed in repositories or wrote my own. On the other hand I have repeatedly seen schools’ investment in licences vanish as new releases have to be bought for one reason or another.

I recommend Debian GNU/Linux. It has a huge repository and a long history of delivering quality Free Software for free $0.

- Robert Pogson

Understatement of the Year by Linus Torvalds

Here many commentators tell me that thin clients will never fly and that desktop PCs must have that other OS but refuse to believe that my GNU/Linux terminal servers and thin clients are much less expensive and have better performance than thick clients with that other OS. In an interview, Linus Torvalds said, “A lot of people end up spending a lot of time waiting for that traditional rotational media”

Yep. That’s the secret. Linux file systems cache stuff that every user needs to log in, open popular apps, open the next window, etc. and Linux, being a multi-user OS, shares executables so well that the next user can open stuff much faster than the first user. It’s an amazing difference. On a thick client, folks are just getting close to that performance when they use an SSD. My students and teachers have experienced this for years even when hard drives were smaller. They see things happen 2 to 5 times faster with GNU/Linux when tons of files are cached in RAM. On that other OS, when you boot or log in your expensive 6-core RAMed-out system is no faster than your hard drives… and that other OS makes you wait, please wait before you can actually use that desktop on your screen. Side by side demonstrations are convincing to end users.

Chuckle. I so much enjoy it when people actually see that other OS is holding them back from doing what they want. Some compensate by going for coffee or signing in but they still see the result every time they click on something…

Use Debian GNU/Linux and experience what a real OS has been doing for people for more than a decade while you have been waiting.

- Robert Pogson

Saving Money

I like to save money. It lets me buy more stuff sooner or later… ;-)

I have long saved money in education by using GNU/Linux on PCs and on thin clients with zero licensing costs. I always chuckle when I read the anguish of some people trying to eke out similar savings with that other OS. Yes you can save money by using thin clients with that other OS because thin clients are cheaper and CALs are cheaper than full licences (just barely) but the maths is really simple with GNU/Linux. $0 beats all other licensing regimes of that other OS. No need to agonize over four plans each with negotiated prices to work things out. Install GNU/Linux and go.

The latest article I read on this topic suggests it can cost $thousands per PC to run that other OS and the price can be cut down to $hundreds by using RDP and thin clients. You save power and maintenance at the same time. In the table below, the black numbers are from the article using that other OS (adding capital cost, power and maintenance) and the green numbers are for the same hardware using GNU/Linux.

Costs for 1K PCs per annum

1K PCs + M$ 1K TCs + M$ 1K TCs + GNU/Linux
£189,000 £48,000 £22,000

I would also argue that, going with a terminal server setup, there is no need for £300 thin clients but more like £100 or less so the last number comes down to £11,000. Whatever, you save a lot per annum, per PC with GNU/Linux. TFA gets many other things right, though. Thin clients last longer, use less power and are easier to maintain by far. The numbers above do not reflect the costs of the server but a GNU/Linux server is much cheaper than one burdened with a licensing fee and a mess of CALs as well.

The part about full virtualization being pricey is true, too. A virtual machine per user is a terrible waste of resources compared to a GNU/Linux terminal server sharing memory and cached files amongst users. That other OS needs that extra layer of complexity to keep the whole thing from falling down.

Read The Register – Desktop virtualisation: Yes, it’s cheaper

- Robert Pogson

Teaching and Learning in IT

One objection I hear many times around here but only rarely in the field of education is “It’s out there.” referring to that other OS. That is given as a reason to retain that other OS in schools.
Usage: Education, properly a drawing forth, implies not so much the communication of knowledge as the discipline of the intellect, the establishment of the principles, and the regulation of the heart. Instruction is that part of education which furnishes the mind with knowledge. Teaching is the same, being simply more familiar. It is also applied to practice; as, teaching to speak a language; teaching a dog to do tricks. Continue reading ‘Teaching and Learning in IT’

- Robert Pogson

UK: Survey of Higher Education and FLOSS


OSS Watch
National Software Survey
2010

Jane Alexen Shuyska
&
OSS Watch

In terms of procurement policy we see an everincreasing awareness of the possibility of using open source software. There has been another big increase in the number of institutions that include the consideration of open source in their procurement policies, both in Higher Education (HE) and Further Education (FE) (figure 6). This will help creating a more level playing field for suppliers of open source software.
On the other hand, there is still a relatively large number of institutions that indicate they prefer closed source over open source (35% of FE and 15% of HE respondents, figure 5). We suspect this is based on a continued lack of understanding about open source that needs to be addressed.

when asked for the common reasons for rejecting open source software in procurement, most of the top criteria are not related to TCO. Issues that heavily influence TCO, such as migration costs, do not appear in the top 5.

One of the top five reasons provided was ‘interoperability and migration problems’. However, the effort of migration to open source is comparable to, if not less than the effort of migrating to another closed source solution. We therefore suggest that these respondents were likely to reject migrating to a new closed source solution for the same reason. Other reasons given are largely issues of education and supplier availability.



there has been an increase in the number of institutions who deploy open source software on their servers (the increase is significant at a confidence interval of 90%). Thus the total proportion of institutions using open source software to any extent has increased from 54% to 68% in the FE sector and from 77% to 82% in the HE sector. The proportion of institutions reporting to use all or almost all closed source software has correspondingly decreased from 46% to 33% for FE 23% to 16% for HE institutions.

Across both sectors Moodle has gained popularity (from 62% to 83% in FE and from 36% to 59% in HE)

Q25: Ratio of open and closed source software deployed on desktops Compared to the ratios of open and closed source software deployed on servers, discussed in Q11, the proportion of open source software on desktop computers in both FE and HE institutions is lower. The data from this survey is, however, showing a similar trend towards deployment of more open source software across both sectors.

Thus the total proportion of institutions using open source software to any extent has increased from 17% to 50% in the FE sector and from 38% to 59% in the HE sector. The proportion of institutions reporting to use all or almost all closed source software has correspondingly decreased from 83% to 50% for FE 62% to 41% for HE institutions.

Windows XP and Windows 7 are currently the most popular operating systems on desktop computers across the FE and HE sectors. The use of Mac operating systems has increased since 2008 and so has the use of Linux systems. Linux (Red Hat) is now used in 34% of HE institutions (13% in 2008), Linux (Ubuntu) is used in 16% of FE institutions (8% in 2008) and 31% of HE institutions (10% in 2008). Overall HE institutions are more likely to use open source operating systems on their desktop computers than are FE institutions.

The Mozilla Firefox browser is also very popular, especially in HE where it is being used by 85% of institutions. The use of Safari has increased since the 2008 survey in both the FE and the HE sectors (from 30% to 47% in FE and from 37% to 66% in HE institutions). Google Chrome was introduced since the last survey and has been taken up by a sizable proportion of institutions across FE and HE. The use of Matlab in HE has grown (from 17% to 42%). The popularity of OpenOffice has increased to a lesser extent from 30% to 37% in FE and from 23% to 34 % in HE institutions.

A large number of comments concern reasons for choosing closed source over open source solutions. A number of respondents state that closed source solutions suit their institutions because they perform adequately and furthermore carry education discounts, wherefore they are cost-efficient solutions. Conversely one respondent wrote about open source products not functioning adequately:

“Software procurement is (like anything else) subject to tendering processes – the University decides it needs something, asks suppliers for information (including licensing and support costs), invites tenders and chooses the best fitting products. There is no route through which Open Source software which is not provided and supported by a supplier can (nor arguably should) break into this competitive and evaluative process.”

“In FE colleges, IT teams are relatively small and we cannot rely too heavily on their own knowledge to support open source because of the danger of critical staff leaving for higher pay or other reasons. It is better to use proprietary software for which support can be purchased in an emergency.””

So, in spite of all the naysayers here, FLOSS is alive and well on the desktop and making significant gains over the last few years. FLOSS is used on the desktop in more than twice as many institutions since 2008. There are obstacles to adoption but performance is not one of them. When people get around to thinking objectively about FLOSS they will choose it. The largest reason for not choosing FLOSS? “It’s not what users want.” As if IT is a democracy in education or anywhere else. Institutions should choose software that fits the current and future needs of the institution. Budgets and performance should be far more important than what the users want. Users are largely not knowledgeable about choices and only know what they have used previously, not a basis of rational thought.

In the largest migration I attempted, expressions by staff that the GNU/Linux system and applications were not what users wanted were extremely rare. People were glad to have IT all over the place that worked well and they did not give a damn that it was “different”. I suspect this supposed push-back is mostly in the minds of IT staff or their bosses.

The survey shows clearly how far FLOSS has come and how far it has yet to go in adoption on desktop and server but there is no sign that wider adoption will not happen. It’s just a matter of how fast. As we see the rapid adoption of FLOSS on mobile gadgets, I expect that FLOSS will rapidly expand on desktops. The world clearly accepts FLOSS if some institutions do not.

- Robert Pogson

Wikimedia as an Educational Tool

For years, I have travelled the northern parts of Canada dragging a server with a snapshot of Wikipedia taken in 2005. It’s a great tool for schools. Students and teachers can add material relevant to them and edit articles to reflect the northern viewpoint. The body of knowledge in the wiki grows with time and becomes part of the history or the community and the school. It is a great resource for documenting special people, places and events.

I am not alone doing this. A professor reports that students do better work when their research gets posted on Wikipedia where the world can see, read and criticize it. Nothing teaches reading, writing and thinking better than doing those things in bulk.

Wikimedia is a package in Debian GNU/Linux:
Package: mediawiki
Priority: optional
Section: web
Installed-Size: 45752
Maintainer: Mediawiki Maintenance Team Architecture: all
Version: 1:1.15.5-2squeeze1
Depends: apache2 | httpd, php5, php5-mysql | php5-pgsql | php5-sqlite, mime-support, debconf (>= 0.5) | debconf-2.0
Recommends: mysql-server | postgresql-contrib, php5-cli
Suggests: imagemagick | php5-gd, mediawiki-math, memcached, clamav
Filename: pool/main/m/mediawiki/mediawiki_1.15.5-2squeeze1_all.deb
Size: 11715418
MD5sum: befce32fefe84c2bc3efdefa9c6ce111
SHA1: e5981355e3f6d3ee8a40144a4d87d12af507d96a
SHA256: a91572165802425727f0aeea94395a1c750433deb9ea0a055d7dcc89ee0dc84e
Description: website engine for collaborative work
MediaWiki is a wiki engine (a program for creating a collaboratively edited website). It is designed to handle heavy websites containing library-like document collections, and supports user uploads of images/sounds, multilingual content, TOC autogeneration, ISBN links,
etc.
.
Moreover, it keeps track of changes, so users can receive notifications, view diffs and revert edits. This system has many other features and can easily be extended.
Homepage: http://www.mediawiki.org/
Tag: implemented-in::php, interface::web, made-of::html, network::service, role::dummy, role::program, web::wiki, works-with::db, works-with::text, works-with-format::html

Wikipedia dumps are available.
A recent dump (enwiki-20110405-pages-articles.xml.bz2) is 6.7gB… That’s far more text than some libraries in schools where I have worked. Of course, one can start from scratch and make a wiki entirely in-house or take only selected articles for import.

- Robert Pogson

Governmental Spending on IT

Government is all about IT. There is a lot of paper involved still but computers do more of the heavy lifting each year. After years of tightening IT budgets the need to optimize IT in price/performance is rising up the list.

“One of the biggest drivers for government IT spending is the need to become more efficient and reduce long-term costs, which was named by about 60 percent of respondents. Other big government IT spending influencers include compliance with government mandates or regulations, responding to the needs of citizens and staff, as well as the necessity of modernizing legacy systems, particularly those vulnerable to security threats.” Continue reading ‘Governmental Spending on IT’

- Robert Pogson

SmartBoards and GNU/Linux

I have seen SmartBoardTMs (brand of interactive/touchable white screen) in only a couple of schools in which I have taught but I just had an interview for a teaching position and I refreshed my knowledge by visiting the site of the maker. They do support GNU/Linux for the basic operation but not for a ton of add-on features. Sigh. Locked-in to proprietary/non-standard technology and GNU/Linux is given second-rate support still. I guess if I get the position I could use whatever OS (MacOS or that other OS) for the SmartBoard and put lots of GNU/Linux goodness on web applications. Of course the download requires authentication using a serial number…

I prefer just using a projector with Gromit (permits writing in several colours and erasing using mouse) so this technology would be a change for me. Perhaps I don’t need the “extras”. We shall see. Oh, I know one can do more with a SmartBoard, but simplicity has advantages, too. SmartBoards cost $thousands and a good project costs less than $1K. Benefit/$ seems higher with just a projector.

- Robert Pogson

Really Small Cheap Computers in Education

A reader brought this to my attention. An organization has developed a prototype of a small cheap computer on a USB stick that could bring back the enthusiasm of young people for IT that they had in the 1980s with the Ohio Scientific Superboard, and other inexpensive PCs for ordinary people. In those days, there were many who could afford a PC that cost a few hundred dollars but not the commercial stuff costing $thousands. Today there are still children who can be stimulated by smaller cheaper computers.

This video describes the device and the goals. ICT is “Information and Communications Technology”, a current theme in education, basically “using a PC”. The speaker wants to encourage youth to create programmes and content rather than just using a PC.

The speaker makes the point that “using a PC” stifles the creativity of young people who are curious and want to understand how things work rather than what others want you them to do with a PC. A lot of the vitriol on this blog is about that. Some folks think it is just fine to use M$’s software and no other. Others think we should cast off such limitations. In education ICT is a big step forward in making use of ICT universal but it does not encourage the mastery I have seen in “Information Processing” courses where computer programming and servers and networking and other content creation is taught/learned. Many high school students are turned off by “keyboarding” when they could be stimulated by solution of real problems and understanding the basics of computer science and pushing the limits of what a PC can do.

One of my most interesting lessons involves getting students to do a measurable amount of computation to see how fast a PC is. It is amazing to them that an 8 year old PC can do millions of calculations per second and yet be sluggish with XP… I also love to teach what kinds of things brute force attacks can do, like cracking passwords or graphing or searching. Comparing a binary search to a linear search is mind-blowing for some students. One of the tasks I loved to do in a computer lab was taking some large project and dispatching parts of it to every PC in a lab so that it is done N times faster. Simple ideas like that are immediately useful for students who are not afraid to look under the hood and use the hardware for what it can do and not just what some business lets them do. GNU/Linux and ARM has a role to play in making this kind of technology more available.

see also
A 15 pound computer to inspire young programmers

Geek.com

RaspberryPi The Raspberry Pi Foundation is a UK registered charity (Registration Number 1129409) which exists to promote the study of computer science and related topics, especially at school level, and to put the fun back into learning computing.

We plan to develop, manufacture and distribute an ultra-low-cost computer, for use in teaching computer programming to children. We expect this computer to have many other applications both in the developed and the developing world.

Our first product is about the size of a USB key, and is designed to plug into a TV or be combined with a touch screen for a low cost tablet. The expected price is $25 for a fully-configured system.

- Robert Pogson

GNU/Linux in Russia

My videos on having fun with Debian GNU/Linux have at least one view from every continent except Asia. I was surprised that Russia did not get any hits but then English is not their language. It is also true that GNU/Linux is doing very well in Russia and there is lots of coverage of that. Continue reading ‘GNU/Linux in Russia’

- Robert Pogson

Cheap Virtual Desktops

Having simpler desktop/client machines and more complex servers saves money eventually even though M$ likes to “get value” all over the place:
Microsoft, has estimated that the cost of a full VDI implementation will be roughly 11 per cent more than a distributed PC-based environment.. VDI saves money by making clients simpler and putting all the configuration in one place where the IT guys can get at it easily, on the server. Visits to a PC are much less likely. Updates of software and installation of software and backups are all easier on a centralized system. Continue reading ‘Cheap Virtual Desktops’

- Robert Pogson

Performance of Thin Clients on GNU/Linux

Intel wants you to buy powerful processors on thick clients. That’s where it gets the big bucks. When I saw a report of a test of thin clients sponsored by Intel, I paid attention. Here’s the crux of it:
“In our tests, all the clients performed the same tasks at the same time, though each had its own copies of the data files. Though typically people are not doing exactly the same thing at the same time, most networks of a similarly capable server would be supporting a lot more than a mere 5 simultaneous users. Further during normal work hours a great many of those users would be working on different tasks at the same time. Our test cases are thus probably less demanding on the server than real user networks.” Continue reading ‘Performance of Thin Clients on GNU/Linux’

- Robert Pogson

Computers in the Classroom

For more than ten years I have been pushing for schools where I worked to have more computers in the classrooms. There are pros and cons:

  • some teachers fear being “replaced”,
  • some classrooms and furnishings just don’t fit a raft of desktops,
  • old desktops are noisey, gather dust and release heat,
  • some teachers don’t know how or the software they use does not help to manage students on computers,
  • they cost money, and
  • it’s more/different work or change to adopt computes in the classroom

Continue reading ‘Computers in the Classroom’

- Robert Pogson

Good Reasons to Switch to GNU/Linux

I stumbled upon How You Know When It’s Time to Switch to Linux by Katherine Noyes.

She has some good points:

  • 1. Tired of Paying for Software
  • 2. You’re tired of upgrading hardware.
  • 4. You’ve seen one too many patch Tuesdays.
  • 5. You don’t have the time.
  • 6. You like speed.
  • 7. You like sharing.
  • 8. You don’t actually love Internet Explorer.
  • 9. You want to be in control.
  • 10. You’re One of a Kind

Continue reading ‘Good Reasons to Switch to GNU/Linux’

- Robert Pogson

Kerala Continues to Exploit FLOSS

Kerala, India, has deployed GNU/Linux widely in schools. Now it’s the turn of the politicians. They have supplied themselves with laptops loaded with Ubuntu GNU/Linux and saved thousands of dollars in licensing fees. They gave back some of that for training/familiarization but the end result is that they are happy with the choice.

see Legislators in Kerala, India
work better with Ubuntu laptops

This is another example of fields in which one does not need to plod on the Wintel treadmill to do IT. Another good example is education where most computers are used to find, create, modify and distribute information and GNU/Linux does an excellent job at lower cost.


View Larger Map

- Robert Pogson

US Department of the Navy Switching to Thin Client Technology

There it is. I have long promoted GNU/Linux + thin clients as an ideal platform for IT. Naysayers keep telling us on this blog that no one in their right mind would choose thin clients. “Dumb terminals” they call them, omitting all the positives with a single chant. “Single point of failure” they pronounce when networks and servers are much more reliable than the typical PC. Continue reading ‘US Department of the Navy Switching to Thin Client Technology’

- Robert Pogson

Upgrading PCs

An article on upgrading PCs made me chuckle. The result was spending dollars per percent of improvement in performance. They have no clue because they assumed M$ and that other OS was part of the solution. They are the problem for performance.
Continue reading ‘Upgrading PCs’

- Robert Pogson

Government Seeing the Value of FLOSS

There’s news that the UK is asking IT providers to offer FLOSS solutions:
“The Message of the day was simple, and delivered with panache by Deputy Government CIO Bill McCluggage and other members of the Open Source team in the Cabinet Office (yes, that’s right – there is an Open Source team and a Director responsible for their plans). The message was “We want you to give us Open Source software, in fact we insist!”"

I have seen the value of FLOSS for years in education. FLOSS costs less and is more reliable. It’s just the right way to do IT when the task at hand is not enriching monopolies but providing service.

- Robert Pogson

Thin Clients Still Get No Respect. Pity.

I found an article on the web about technologies that will not fly. One of the technologies listed was thin clients: Continue reading ‘Thin Clients Still Get No Respect. Pity.’

- Robert Pogson

Lean or Thin?

All over the web I read that such and such project failed or was resented and sabotaged by ungrateful employees. This seems to be a widespread and dangerous reality/fear.

In IT, the big picture is that total productivity or cost/benefit often results in change. Naturally people avoid change if it means more work/discomfort while adjusting. This should be a temporary phenomenon and with strong leadership and openness everyone in an organization should accept change. Obvious exceptions are those subject to staffing reductions. Growing organizations should not have that problem except in particular segments.

The common wisdom/best practice seems to be to persuade/cajole/sell everyone on the change before making it happen. This seems to be self-defeating. If one spends similar effort to selling the change as making the change, the benefit may well be lost in delay/wasted effort.

In big changes I have made the effort to persuade upstream was minimal, perhaps a meeting and some spreadsheets. Persuading a hundred people downstream would be relatively a huge effort and unnecessary. Any organization attracts employees/members for various reasons, none of which are that underlings tell the bosses what to do. It seems strong leadership needs to support change and the pushback can be handled otherwise.

In my experience, it is sufficient to notify members of an organization that change is happening and why. This should be done at an early stage so that any real problems that higher-ups may not know about can be considered in planning change. Change should be quick. Done gradually, push-back can get organized and dangerous. Mobs are powerful. Individual grumps are not. Change should show immediate benefit. That prevents push-back from getting anywhere. Change should show long-term benefit. Everyone prospers from that.

Two of my favourite changes to IT systems are migration to GNU/Linux and migration to thin clients. Combined, we can have the perfect world that change can be quick and give immediate benefit: logins are faster, opening applications is faster. Such change can be combined with upgraded monitor, keyboard, and mouse to also show immediate benefit. Combining sugar with the medicine is a tried and true technique to fight push-back.

The fastest way to do such migrations is to obtain and configure a GNU/Linux terminal server, probably test it on some folks who invite change and then change every PC to visit the new server. The testing and development stage might take a few weeks but the changeover can be done as rapidly as thick clients can be converted to thin clients. A neat way to do that is to have a server provide LTSP and merely switch BIOS to boot PXE instead of from the hard drive. One can save some power by disconnecting hard drives at the same time. This takes only a few minutes per desktop PC and small organizations can easily do the change on a weekend. To the extent that larger organizations are modular, they could as well although coordination would be more difficult.

Every business and every non-profit organization needs to minimize the cost of operation to maximize benefits. Going lean in IT is one way to do that. Many organizations can cut the annual cost of IT from $300 per PC to $30 per PC with the change from that other OS to GNU/Linux on thin clients. They get a factor of 3 lower cost of hardware and manpower just by going with thin clients and a similar factor for going with GNU/Linux. The immediate benefits are huge. The long-term benefits are larger.

Consider an organization with 100 PCs going from 3-year refreshes and that other OS to 9-year refreshes and thin clients. Server licensing for that other OS is something like $1000+$40 per client just for file/print/authentication and some management. Server configuration for a GNU/Linux terminal server is about half-hour more work than configuring a normal PC, making LTSP work and creating accounts. You do that once with GNU/Linux and three times with that other OS.

Costs over 9 years (3 cycles for thick and 1 cycle for thin)

Item Thick TOS Thin GNU
Server Hardware $3000 $3000
Server licences $15000 $0
Server configurations $3000 $1000
Manpower $270000 $27000
Totals $291000 $31000

One can, of course, argue about particular items. I am assuming one full-time body at $30000 per year to hover over that other OS and one part-time body for the GNU/Linux system. It’s basically a single PC instead of 100. The lower manpower requirement is based on the longer up-time of GNU/Linux, less malware and centralized software management.

Schools of this size typically have GNU/Linux purring quietly or that other OS with a large percentage of machines down at any one time. I have been in schools where itinerant IT came every few weeks and in one day of work could not catch up with the workload with that other OS. They needed full-time support but had 10% coverage and it was not nearly enough. Where I worked this past year, no GNU/Linux system failed in the last half-year with 75 PCs running GNU/Linux. Of course, I did bork a few systems tinkering with them but they would not have gone down if I had not been there… ;-) I had a full-time teaching job and IT was “other duties as assigned”.

- Robert Pogson

Investing in Education

Besides the stagnation of M$, one issue that emerged from CES is that USA is not investing well in education. K-12 education is haphazard. They have invested well in post-secondary but the random output of a poorly supported K-12 system is failing the country.
time is running out. “If you’re one year behind,” Chambers said, “you’re toast.” Continue reading ‘Investing in Education’

- Robert Pogson

OLPC on Two Watts

Finally, OLPC has realized that ARM uses less power than x86… They are producing XO-1.75 that can be recharged with a couple of hours on the crank. Still, their price is about $165, too high for many of its target-users. I expect by next year they could be within the original $100 range. The next model, XO-3 should run for 1 watt.

It is interesting to speculate on the ultimate limits to the price of such technology. Pocket calculators got down to less than $10 but OLPC and tablets have huge displays which may be the limiting factor. Perhaps $100 is the limit and that may be hard to reach if the price of oil keeps rising. Perhaps we will see more wooden PCs soon.

- Robert Pogson

Schools Prefer Not To Scrap Working PCs

It just makes no sense to waste valuable resources only to spend a ton of money replacing those resources.
Dysart Unified School District has switched about 3,000 of its computers from the Microsoft Windows operating system to Linux

Same old story. Budget cuts. PCs growing old. GNU/Linux gives them new life and the school district saved $100K in a year. If that is mainstream, imagine the motivation a school like mine without any budget for IT has to switch…

- Robert Pogson

Clear Business Case

“The days of “throwing money” at IT are clearly a thing of the past and CIOs will increasingly need a clear business case for any future investments they make”

So says IDC

I’ve been saying the same thing for years. Continue reading ‘Clear Business Case’

- Robert Pogson

It’s Good to be Needed

I left for Christmas break a week early because of housing problems and Monday morning got a phone call: no Internet access. I suspected students would try to work around my barriers to the Internet or turn off the teacher’s computer in the lab, so I left signs, a memo, etc. to try to head that off. The school did drop off the Web. I haven’t heard how the problem was fixed. I told the principal a few things to look for like cables unplugged… Routing is a wonderful thing. I blocked access to anything but W3Schools.com during my absence for kids in the lab. I expect a burst in productivity as a result. ;-)

- Robert Pogson

No, M$, We Will not Pay You $6K to use Our Servers

SBS has been released with prices for the standard version including $72 CALs and a higher price and $96 CALs for the chocolate-icing version. We are not locked into M$ where I work so we can save a ton of money running Debian GNU/Linux on our ancient servers. Why would any organization pay a voluntary tax to M$ for the privilege of using the organization’s hardware? It beats me…

Combine this news with M$’s shrinking share of the desktop market and an anticipated decline in growth of IT spending on hardware and it seems to me M$ is in for hard times.

- Robert Pogson



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My Mission

My observations and opinions about IT are based on 40 years of use in science and technology and lately, in education. I like IT that is fast, cost-effective and reliable. I do not care whether my solution is the same as yours. I like to think for myself.

My first use of GNU/Linux in 2001 was so remarkably better than what I had been using, I feel it is important work to share GNU/Linux with the world. I have been blessed by working in schools where students and school systems have benefited by good, modular software easily installed in most systems.

I have shown GNU/Linux to thousands of students and hundreds of teachers over the years and will continue in some way doing that until I die in spite of the opposition.

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