Archive for March, 2010

Intel Innovates

Henry Kingman has written a piece describing some technology Intel has developed for the embedded/battery-powered space. It is still x86 but shuts down stuff when idling. The problem with that is that netbooks with GNU/Linux are multi-tasking devices that are never completely idle. This new design may work for cell-phones and the like but a PC is a different animal. x86 is still a resource hog for the number of bits it has to flip to do anything. ARM does not have that problem by design. Intel cannot fix that problem by power management.

It is good to see Intel pay attention to the low end. Where is AMD??? Picking the low-hanging fruit of servers and gamers, I suspect. I have long used AMD for just about everything but they no longer work for me. I need thin clients a lot more than I need hair driers. If I need one of those, I can use Intel. I need 64bit servers and 32bit clients. Where is AMD?

- Robert Pogson

Solaris

I have not used Solaris, Sun’s UNIX species. There are rumours that Oracle will change the licensing of Solaris which SUN distributed as Free Software as OpenSolaris. Free Software licensing is not designed to allow the software to be put back in the bottle, but Oracle certainly can charge a fee for the licence, even under the GPL, if it wants. That is quite reasonable behaviour for a company that charges gazillions of dollars per CPU for the right to use a binary version of their database.

This will, however, cut out some enthusiasm in the FLOSS community to continue work on OpenSolaris. Perhaps a definite fork will result but the situation with drivers will be awkward. Manufacturers, for instance, do not want to make two drivers for two variants of Solaris. The prime motivation for SUN to open Solaris was to encourage software development on the platform ensuring more widespread adoption and quality. Oracle may well feel it can do just as well in-house. Time will tell. Perhaps Oracle will learn something or teach something in the process.

I could rush out to try OpenSolaris now, while it still lives, but I think GNU/Linux does what I need very well.

If Oracle is thinking about making a little money from Solaris, what must they imagine they can do with OpenOffice.org or MySQL? It’s all good, one way or another. Free Software is meant to be used.

Update:
Another article on this subject appeared on the same day that I wrote the above blog entry:

“Solaris Is Dead. Long Live Linux.”

- Robert Pogson

PJ

“PJ” is the pseudonym of the host of the blog, GROKLAW, which has been a rallying point for the whole world of people concerned about the attack on Free Software headed by SCOG. Brian Proffitt has an excellent article, “SCO, Novell: Grokking Where Credit is Due“.

Pamela, with great admiration, I say “shush.”

Yes, Groklaw is a team effort, but every great team has a great coach. The efforts you have devoted to Groklaw have been staggering–physically, mentally, emotionally. Today Groklaw is more than a mere “SCO watcher”–it is one of the best legal watchdog sites in the world, with expanded coverage of all legal challenges to Linux, free software, and open source software.

I would to extend public congratulations from myself and (I suspect) quite a few members of the Linux and open source community for a job well done. You, your site, and the community that surrounds Groklaw demonstrates what it truly great about open source: that the positive collaboration of ideas and skills will always lead to something greater than its makers ever intended.

Amen. I remember, seven years later, the sick feeling I had in my stomach that any of the lies SCOG spread about GNU/Linux might be true or that SCOG could tax GNU/Linux which by then I was introducing into schools and classrooms on a regular basis. GNU/Linux was part of me and SCOG was putting forth that I had cancer. Well, I soon discovered GROKLAW and the free flow of good information there calmed my fears.

PJ is one of the good people on the web. There are many who are not. I have met the evil ones on my blog or in forums where freedom is not respected. She set out to make a repository of truth on the web and thousands rallied around her leadership. She worked tirelessly writing, transcribing PDF images from PACER, courts, and archives all over the web. She inspired people with personal knowledge of events and details to put their knowledge in writing so the history of UNIX, the evolution of operating systems, software, the law and particularly patents, standards and copyright would be there searchable on-line, forever.

No one quite knew how long the road would be and how dangerous. SCOG used every trick in the book of dirty tricks to fool the courts and to intimidate PJ, but she persisted. Evidence in the current trial of SCOG v Novell reveals what a thorn in their side she was. They apparently paid a writer to attack PJ to sully PJ’s reputation. The writer was unrepentant in the evidence presented, even resorting to name calling. She was accused of being a shill for IBM, too by SCOG’s CEO. Why the courts tolerated this evil to live so long is beside my understanding. They had not the slightest evidence to present in the case v IBM even after years of discovery. PJ could not be fooled as the courts were. She kept hammering on the truth into late nights to the point of exhaustion but still with a very high quality of work.

Thank you, PJ, for all your good deeds.

- Robert Pogson

The Zero-sum Game

Matt Asay quite properly predicts that “cloud computing” will be mainstream in a year or so. He quotes figures showing billions in annual revenue already. This has implications for all of IT. If billions are spent on cloud computing are those dollars in addition to current expenditures or are they a replacement for some current expenditures? Probably a bit of both.

There are a variety of cloud services that are imminent:

  • storage, backup, file serving and the like that could replace some expenditures on local data centres
  • load leveling, providing computing power or service where and when it is needed, e.g. buffering variations with time of day
  • wholesale farming out of web applications like e-mail
  • new kinds of web applications
  • virtual desktops or desktop applications
  • remote administration of whatever

Many of these are strictly practical solutions to re-inventing the wheel and over-staffing of server rooms. By that I do not mean people are playing cards in the server rooms but that you cannot have half a system administrator so you pay for a whole one. Further, if you give a system administrator the right tools there is almost no limit to how many system he/she can administer, so the cloud could be filled with sysadmins with fantastic tools unavailable to the in-house guy. It just does not make sense for a small to medium sized business to employ someone to administer an e-mail system when Google or Yahoo can do a better job at a lower price. Shifts from in-house to cloud make sense for almost any service that can be separated in some way from all the other services needed in a business. It is like software. Modularization is extremely helpful if not essential. Farm out a module and divide and conquer your IT problems/tasks.

Some of these overlap into desktop operating systems and applications. Almost no one objects to these things running on a local server. Why not on the cloud? You need some assurances about connectivity, security, backup and uptime. These can be managed. It may not make sense to depend on services a satellite-jump away but on a fibre line with redundant connections in a city, this could be a good plan for business. Already there are services providing basic office applications and thin client desktops on the web. More will come.

To the extent that M$ and other huge software providers cannot capture the flow of services to the cloud they will lose share in the cloud. The speed with which changeover can be made to cloud services is faster than migrating to a new OS because the user mostly has to be familiar with the browser and that is done. Any cloud supplier who has done his homework and provides good infrastructure in the cloud will get the business. M$ has built huge datacentres to capture some of this business but it is not like the desktop. They have no monopoly and no way of securing one in the cloud. People choosing a cloud supplier have lock-in on their due-diligence checklist. It is not 1990 all over again. M$ has an obscene cash-flow that can be used to buy hardware but have they a workable plan to supply software?

New software for the cloud involves innovation, not M$’s strong suit. They can try to mimic their desktop OS and applications but they have alienated large parts of the market with anti-competitive activities so the loyalty of customers is in question. Cloud computing is about lowering costs. M$’s business plan is about enriching M$, not providing service at lowest cost. They will not be able to sustain anything close to a monopoly in the cloud.

Netbooks on the low end and the cloud on the high end leaves M$ struggling to stay relevant in the middle somewhere. It will take a few years to know the result but I would bet that M$’s share of the pie will shrink drastically within five years. The dollars going into the cloud will come in a great measure from M$’s former share. They were charging $1000 plus $40 per client for in-house use of their OS. The cloud, running on FLOSS, can provide the same or better service for a lot less. They were charging $100 more of less for the privilege of using their bug-ridden OS on desktops. A GNU/Linux terminal server costs about $25 per client in quantity one. In cloud-volumes, the cost will be much less. You can buy hosted virtual desktops now. The lack of retail shelf space or OEM suppliers need not hold you back.

- Robert Pogson

SCOG v Novell Fizzles and SCOG Still Sues

In the Salt Lake Tribune we read “Cahn said SCO intends to continue its lawsuit against IBM, in which the computer giant is accused of using Unix code to make the Linux operating system a viable competitor, causing a decline in SCO’s revenues.
“The copyright claims are gone, but we have other claims based on contracts,” Cahn said.

Well, let us look at those claims after millions of lines of code were handed over in discovery to compare with Linux:

    1. Under the First Cause of Action, damages for breach of the IBM Softare Agreement in an amount not less than $1 billion, together with additional damages through and after the time of trial forseeably and consequently resulting from IBM’s breach, in an amount to be proven at the time of trial; and together with a permanent injunction requiring IBM to return or destroy all source code and binary copies of the Software Products and/or prohibiting IBM from further contributions of the protected Software Products into open source; and for restitution in an amount measured by the benefits conferred upon IBM by its ongoing improper use of the Software Products, including the full amount IBM receives as a result of its ongoing sales of AIX, including software, services and hardware; and for attorneys fees and costs;

    2. Under the Second Cause of Action, damages for breach of the IBM Sublicensing Agreement in an amount not less than $1 billion, together with additional damages through and after the time of trial forseeably and consequently resulting from IBM’s breach, in an amount to be proven at the time of trial; and together with a permanent injunction requiring IBM to return or destroy all source code and binary copies of the Software Products and/or prohibiting IBM from further contributions of the protected Software Products into open source; and for restitution in an amount measured by the benefits conferred upon IBM by its ongoing improper use of the Software Products, including the full amount IBM receives as a result of its ongoing sales of AIX, including software, services and hardware, and for attorneys fees and costs;

    3. Under the Third Cause of Action, damages for breach of the Sequent Software Agreement in an amount not less than $1 billion, together with additional damages through and after the time of trial forseeably and consequentially resulting from IBM’s breach, in an amount to be proven at the time of trial; and together with a permanent injunction requiring IBM to return or destroy all source code and binary copies of the Software Products and/or prohibiting IBM from further contributions of the protected Software Products into open source; and for restitution in an amount measured by the benefits conferred upon IBM by its ongoing improper use of the Software Products, including the full amount IBM receives as a result of its ongoing sales of Dynix/ptx, including software, services and hardware; and for attorneys fees and costs;

    4. Under the Fourth Cause of Action, damages for breach of the Sequent Sublicensing Agreement in an amount not less than $1 billion, together with additional damages through and after the time of trial forseeably and consequentially resulting from IBM’s breach, in an amount to be proven at the time of trial; and together with a permanent injunction requiring IBM to return or destroy all source code and binary copies of the Software Products and/or prohibiting IBM from further contributions of the protected Software Products into open source; and for restitution in an amount measured by the benefits conferred upon IBM by its ongoing, improper use of the Software Products, including the full amount IBM receives as a result of its ongoing sales of Dynix/ptx, including software, services and hardware; and for attorneys fees and costs;

    5. Under the Fifth Cause of Action, injunctive relief pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 502 and SCO’s actual damages and IBM’s profits as a result of the infringing acts pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 504 (a), statutory damages to the extent applicable pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 504 (b) and enhanced damages, together with attorneys’ fees and costs pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 505

    6. Under Sixth Cause of Action, for damages in an amount not less than $1 billion, for unfair competition arising from common law, and damages for violations thereof, together with additional damages through and after the time of trial;

    7. Under the Seventh through Ninth Causes of Action, for damages in an amount to be proven at trial for tortious interference, together with additional damages through and after the time of trial;

    8. For a permanent injunction to prohibit IBM from further contributions of the protected Software Products into open source;

    9. For punitive damages under the Sixth through Ninth Causes of Action for IBM’s malicious and willful conduct, in an amount to be proven at trial;

    10. For attorneys’ fees and costs as provided by statute and/or by contract in an amount to be proven at trial; together with pre- and post-judgment interest and;

    11. For all other legal and equitable relief deemed just and proper by this Court.

SCOG tried to amend that load of swill a third time so this is its state. Most of it is about contributing software IBM owned to GNU/Linux such as JFS. The judge expressed “astonishment” at how little software SCOG claimed was copied into Linux.
Viewed against the backdrop of SCO’s plethora of public statements concerning IBM’s and others’ infringement of SCO’s purported copyrights to the UNIX software, it is astonishing that SCO has not offered any competent evidence to create a disputed fact regarding whether IBM has infringed SCO’s alleged copyrights through IBM’s Linux activities.

If copyrights were not violated it is very unlikely contracts were. The contracts were mostly about using and not giving away the code. IBM did not. It contributed to GNU/Linux stuff it created and owned the copyrights. In comparison, IBM has them cold on violation of the GPL in distributing Linux without source code…. HAHAHAHA.

I am astonished that a judge, an educated person, an experienced person, and a trustee would persue this madness, gambling on an unlikely win in the face of all the evidence.

In a report to the court in SCO v IBM this is what SCOG wrote on 2007-8-31 shortly before Chapter 11, “ SCO believes that the Order would constitute a basis upon which the Court could dismiss SCO’s First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth or Eighth Causes of Action in its Second Amended Complaint. SCO is not voluntarily dismissing these claims, but acknowledges that the Court’s rulings with respect to Novell’s right to waive contract claims if applied to the IBM case would resolve these claims. Because these are separate cases, SCO submits it is appropriate that the resolution of these claims be reflected in a separate Order, and Judgment. This statement is without prejudice to SCO’s right to pursue motions for reconsideration and appellate rights in both the IBM and Novell actions.
With respect to its remaining Cause of Action, SCO states as follows:
Sixth Cause of Action – Unfair Competition

This was on the basis of the summary judgments in SCO v Novell which the jury has now partly reaffirmed. If Judge Stewart agrees with the rest, all SCOG has to talk about is unfair competition as a result of the stillborn Project Monterey from the early 1990s, long before there ever was a SCOG. Their case against IBM stands on one leg. IBM has an octopus waiting in the courtroom for SCOG with claims including violation of the GPL.

If trustee Cahn will not do his job the US trustee and the bankruptcy judge should move this thing along.

- Robert Pogson

Wireless Insecurity

Wireless is of course handy for mobile devices but a LAN that runs off the premises is risky. SJVN recently wrote about a hole in XP’s wireless stack that has been around for several years and some treat it as a feature rather than a bug.

Where I work, we use wireless not for mobility but to extend the LAN into corners without copper. Here the potential intruders are not out in the bush hacking in but students in our building with pocket-sized wireless devices (prohibited for paedegogical reasons too). We could soon implement increased security but it is easier to shore up a few services on our LAN than distributing keys to our high-maintenance users. Students have access to the LAN via our desktop PCs in any event. It is just a question whether their unauthorized devices are potentially bringing in malware. Since adding Sophos, that problem seems to be under control. At least, Sophos seems to be a larger problem than malware at the moment.

The issue is on the ToDo radar. We have a couple of staff member who bring laptops to work. I would have to block them by MAC after keys were distributed. Since convenience is the order of the day, I doubt that would fly…

- Robert Pogson

Visions of M$

Matt Asay wrote this on his blog, “Microsoft became the biggest software company in the world by creating an ecosystem of software that works well together.“. He was introducing his views on Apple’s software development model but this statement is just mind-boggling. Remember, M$ integrated Internet Exploder into Lose ’95 in order to create a jarring experience for users of Netscape. With that “innovation” they achieved 95% share on the desktop and introduced a decade of terrible malware and made life difficult for all other software developers who had to do the dance of “what browser?”. If the software on my Lose ’95 PCs could be described as “works well together”, I might never have left the fold. The things crashed every few hours. M$ produced terrible software that did not work well and used monopoly to gain/hold share. Their share has declined steadily since 2000 because of their lack of innovation and quality. While M$ has improved their quality they have built in so much complexity it never works will with other software.

I know I take the quotation out of context, but I found it a shocking view for someone of influence in Ubuntu. Later in the article he writes, “I didn’t like the Linux “desktop” until Lucid’s release.“. At the same time that M$ could not keep me happy for more than a few hours, GNU/Linux (eDesktop from Caldera Systems) purred for six months on five machines without a hitch. That was in 2000 and GNU/Linux has constantly improved since.

I am glad Mark Shuttleworth is the one working on the user interface… Matt Asay does not seem to be in touch with reality.

- Robert Pogson

Scaling Arm Chips

Scale is something we teach in mathematics and physics. The surface area of a cube scales as the square of its dimensions. The area of a square scales as the square of its dimensions. If you double the dimensions, the area increases four times and the volume increases eight times. ARM has the reverse problem, as they make their CPUs smaller within an acceptable power drain, and the perfornance goes up according to Moore’s Law, they run into the problem of “Dark Silicon”. Large areas of the chip currently available will be unusable. The Inquirer has a good article giving an overview of this from a talk by ARM. Unfortunately, they fail to state why this is a problem. Getting more computing power for the same energy consumption is a good thing. What’s bad about this is that as the chip becomes smaller it gets harder to connect the chip to the outside world. Bus-driving lines become too small to carry the load and so forth. Also the robots that handle the chips will be hard pressed to handle devices of the size conceivable in the next ten years. A solution I have proposed is stacking chips or using multiple chips but this is tricky. It becomes a more complicated task, in software, to keep everything working together. This is a huge plus for GNU/Linux which has a big lead over M$ in clustering/HPC. The same techniques can be used to link a bunch of ARM chips usefully. They may still have to resort to bus drivers to interface to the world outside the chips.

What TFA article does mention is that the computing power now available is sufficient for any earthly need for the end-user. This is the end of Wintel which lives or dies on its ability to convince consumers to spend ever larger amounts of cash on “upgrading” to a new PC that runs slower than the one previous. If consumers’ PCs do what they want, they will keep using them with XP or GNU/Linux or whatever. The necessity to buy new machines every few years is gone.

TFA also does hint that with ARM it is conceivable that devices for power users and servers are just around the corner. In the Year of ARM, all things are possible. AMD and Intel are now producing chips with multiple cores each of which is more powerful than necessary. ARM can just walk in and take up slack because there is no way Wintel can offer more than ARM can. We see that in smartbooks now. There are more apps available for ARM on smartbooks than that other OS because developers can move phone apps to ARM on a smartbook very easily. There are tons of phone apps out there.

- Robert Pogson

Netbooks Decline or ARM’s Ascent?

According to Digitimes, ACER and ASUSTEK have cut prices and research on Atomic netbooks to clear inventory and respond to reduced demand. Is this the “flash in the pan” that AMD and others predicted or is it a sign that ARM will kick butt this year? I think it is the latter. The Atomic netbooks are still too pricey, heavy and brutal. Many consumers considering buying a netbook may be waiting for the expected flock of new offerings with ARM power, a kind of hardware-vapourware. The netbook will continue to have a growing market, just not with x86.

Gizmodo has 1047 hits for “netbook”. I doubt they are going away any time soon.

- Robert Pogson

SCO v Novell is unfair to Novell

There is a report on GROKLAW that “Third, the motion said that Novell couldn’t argue anything contrary to the law (perhaps this meant contrary to the law of the case). Novell could not argue that the copyrights did not transfer based on the lack of a 204A writing. Novell said that they would argue based on the contract.“. I find it very strange that in a court of law, lawyers are not allowed to point out to the jury that the law is on their side. Let us hope the jury can read the contract or that SCOTUS slaps the courts in Utah/10th circuit.

Now the thing is in the hands of the jury on whether or not the copyrights for much of UNIX OS owned by Novell back in 1995 transferred to the Santa Cruz Operation. Here we are, seven years later, still discussing a deal that contains a clause with excluded assets containing copyrights. There is potential that the jury could award the copyrights to SCOG and they could use that to sue thousands of corporations and individuals for use of GNU/Linux. Are not the courts existing to see that this kind of thing does not happen??? Tens of millions of dollars and a large hit on the GDP of the world has been affected by this and it is baseless. GNU/Linux was written from scratch and uses open standards.

Holding that Novell cannot tell the jury about copyright law is too much. This is the last in a long line of rulings against Novell, making them fight with two hands tied behind their back. Reports claim the jurors snickered at some of SCOG’s witnesses. Let us hope that translates into the right decision next week. They are taking the weekend off. That may give them time for memories to fade or it may give them time for quiet reflection. We shall see the result. Whichever way the jury rules, SCOTUS should give the 10th circuit a kick to get back in line with copyright law. Holding that copyright can transfer without a writing is very dangerous and could open the floodgates of Hell to every con artist on the planet to rip stuff off, legally. Pretty soon, the 10th cirucuit will create case law saying that a jury could interpret dreams to decide who owns the copyright on any work. They need a spanking and soon.

Judge Stewart is obviously capable of great insight and has the legal knowledge. This case suggests strongly that he is not ruling based on law but on some hidden agenda to give every advantage possible to SCOG. Novell has taken the steps to document their motions very well should an appeal be necessary. I believe whichever way the case turns out, some peer review of Stewart’s conduct of this case is in order. Courts run this way are pointless. We can find bullies galore on the street. We do not need them in courts.

- Robert Pogson

NComputing Makes an Interesting Argument

NComputing states thatIf your customer is a school and you save the school 75 percent, they spend that on something else“. They made the argument to counter the claim by OEMs and distributors that thin clients are too inexpensive for them to make any money selling them.

Both points of view are correct but missing the specific characteristics of the educational market. Schools look upon IT as an expense and they make no more cash flow by spending more on IT so they spend as little as they can. The things that cause schools to spend money on IT are demands by staff and students and the curriculum. A recent example: My school has two digital photocopiers. They are in a room off the LAN. The company servicing the copiers flew a plane in and had two guys service the machine and ADD a tiny print server so I could connect it to the LAN. Between classes, I made up the Ethernet cable. Thus, our copier service GAVE us something that might have cost thousands if purchased with the copiers instead of trying to sell us something pricey. The advantage to them? The number of copies running through that machine will spike up because people will not bother running an ink-jet or slow laser printer on their desks. We both win and the provider gets a load of good will in the process. Who am I going to call the next time a school needs more printing capacity? We get more speed and lower cost per page printing this way. I get to service fewer printers, too.

Yesterday, my school received a donation of 20 good, but older, PCs. These machines are perfectly adequate to our needs and we had no budget for them. From whence did they come? Computers for Schools and Libraries, an organization that recycles PCs donated from government and businesses in bulk and donates them to organizations like ours. All across Canada, government and businesses donate and students and volunteers refurbish machines instead of scrapping them. M$ even donates the OS that we over-write with Debian GNU/Linux. Sadly, CFSL has to account for all their licences making unnecessary work for the volunteers. M$ donates to keep the supply of refurbished PCs free of GNU/Linux and to prevent illegal copying that might occur if naked PCs were distributed. The volunteers provide services to gain experience for the younger, to keep busy for retired folks or just to be helpful. Businesses donate for a tax writeoff, to reduce maintenance costs, and to avoid land-fill or recycling charges. Government encourages this because it is better for the economy and the environment that PCs last longer. There is an issue with energy consumption but our PCs have a 185 watt power supply so that is hardly a question.

If you can donate thin clients to a school, it will cost you little but, having more PCs, the school may well need more mice, keyboards, desks, printing consummables, bandwidth, etc., things for which schools do pay.

While education may be a niche, it is a large niche and businesses do benefit by selling or giving to it.

- Robert Pogson

SCO v World Bombshell

This is in a report on GROKLAW:

“Novell’s Mr. Brennan asks, When you were presenting to potential customers, you were referring to pre-APA versions?

Mr. Tibbitts answers, In part, yes.”

So SCOG showed malloc code comparisons and preliminary versions of the Asset Purchase Agreement to fool suckers into buying SCOSource commitments not to sue. When the malloc code had been widely discussed after being publicly showed, this is fraud, pure and simple, because the preliminary drafts included transfer of copyright at some point. The final version and the amendments stated explicitly that copyrights were excluded generally. Copyright for manuals was transferred, not for code.

Here are some excerpts:

  • Excluded Assets “V. Intellectual Property:
    A. All copyrights and trademarks, except for the trademarks UNIX and UnixWare.”
  • Amendment 2 changed this exclusion to “All copyrights and trademarks, except for the copyrights and trademarks owned by Novell as of the date of the Agreement required for SCO to exercise its rights with respect to the acquisition of UNIX and UnixWare technologies. However, in no event shall Novell be liable to SCO for any claim brought by any third party pertaining to said copyrights and trademarks.”

This wording was chosen because Novell was not even sure it had legal copyright to everything and Santa Cruz Operation certainly did not need copyrights to carry on the business which it did for years. This certainly is not a transfer of copyright in the ordinary senses of the term. SCOG was faudulently collecting millions for not suing people over violation of a copyright they did not own.

The malloc code is stuff that was released years ago by Caldera and certainly is not something SCOG defended in the SCOG v IBM case. Judge Kimball expressed astonishment at how little evidence SCOG presented after years of discovery and litigation.

If a corporation cannot be jailed for fraud, its officers should be.

- Robert Pogson

M$ “Invents” Chroot

Sorry, guys, we’ve had that for years. Another marketing guys ploy got in the way of migration to “7″ so they took away the requirement to use virtualization. .

Wake up! M$ is jerking your change. Chroot has been around in the ‘NIX world since 1982. They tried to get you to buy new hardware to run “7″ and XP by virtualization but you realized your present hardware was adequate. Don’t migrate to “7″, just because M$ wants more money. What’s in it for you? … Nothing. That’s what I thought. When they finally succeed in killing the monster they created, XP, if you have to switch, switch to GNU/Linux because it works for you and not against you. GNU/Linux works better on the first day than that other OS after its first service pack because it is open and free.

- Robert Pogson

That Other OS Self-destructs…

Many of us have experienced the pain of malware on that other OS. It is no fun at all. It happens, too, that the defenses we put up to continue using that other OS bite. It happened recently that a bunch of software was quarantined by Bitdefender, rendering them inoperable: Windows systems downed by dodgy Bitdefender update.

Here we have had similar problems. The defence becomes about as bad as the malware. We will not put up with this much longer because we are migrating to GNU/Linux. Students’ PCs are going that way as fast as I can move them (20 are in the warehouse) and teachers will follow shortly. Apart from the storage problem this weekend we have had no issues with the GNU/Linux systems.

- Robert Pogson

Lock-in, One Way or Another

There is news that M$ is planning to adopt HTML5, in IE9. That, combined with browser choice, should end the lock-in conceived to defeat Netscape in 1994, and destroyed the reputation of trust for M$ with the waves of malware in the following decade.

While the move to open standards should be welcomed, it comes with a move to lock people in on “the cloud”. For the time being, we at least have some competition there with Google and a few others in the game. We gain nothing if M$ manages to lock the world into their cloud and towing along that other OS as the client system for it. The monopoly will soon be gone, though. M$ will have to compete on price and quality if any browser and OS will do. Fortunately we know FLOSS thrives on servers and will continue to do so in the cloud or on a thick client or terminal server. My servers dance and provide a much better environment for users than that other OS.

The question remains whether the big guys can lock us in on the cloud so that the monopoly moves from the thick client to the cloud and nothing really changes regarding the cash-flow of the big guys. I think there is no way to get the same lock-in on the cloud unless you have to buy a subscription at the local big box store in order to do e-mail or whatever. I doubt people will be willing to “pay the tax” up-front. If M$ includes the price of the cloud in the price of a PC they could continue their old model but the real world is seeing constantly decreasing prices for PCs so that will not fly. M$ will have to really diversify and make money the old-fashioned way, by earning it. They can no longer glide along as a monopoly. Recent history shows that the world will move on faster than M$ can try to control it. All desperate measures:

  • feature bloat
  • OEM and retailer lock-in
  • tolerating illegal copying
  • using malware to slow PCs so new ones will be bought
  • file format changes forcing upgrading software and PCs
  • patent trolling
  • SCOG v World
  • trying to embrace and extend FLOSS

All will fail sooner or later. The world is rushing past all this noise. In an open world, FLOSS will have its day.

- Robert Pogson

Loving Squeeze

My GNU/Linux terminal server, while performing brilliantly, had a rather slow hardware RAID array. It was slower than individual discs by a large margin. Clearly something was wrong with the interface or the mpt driver. I fiddled and finally got the system onto software RAID with one component pinned by “root=/dev/sdxx” and the system was unbootable. I used SystemRescueCD and copied everything over to another server with newly increased storage. Since SystemRescueCD had no problem with the device, I thought it might be time to upgrade to Debian Squeeze, the next release due near the end of 2010 if my extrapolation of http://bugs.debian.org/release-critical/ is correct. With fewer than 1000 bugs out of 25000 packages, I felt lucky. ;-)

I downloaded the Netinst CD and let her rip. I was half-way through the installation before there was any sign of a problem. One package would not install and the installation failed. Later, I tried to install GRUB-legacy from the menu but it, too failed, as did GRUB2 and LILO. I used the rescue mode to boot the system. Strangely, this new release still was unbootable for the same reason, one of the components was pinned, mounted as /dev/root. It turned out that the drive was considered busy and unavailable for RAID. Further digging found that RAID did not like the fact that the drive had been part of a hardware RAID. Zeroing it out fixed that inside the initramfs. I had to do a pkg-reconfigure mdadm to make the thing bootable with “root=/dev/md0 md=0,/dev/sda2,/dev/sdb2″. Finally, Squeeze runs and boots on its own. Apart from the RAID complications and GRUB not installing, this was a remarkable performance for a release a year away. Great work, Debian!

Now I have a new terminal server with twice the transfer rate of its former configuration and some improved software. I split off all file services to another server, too, to lighten the load on this RAM-starved machine. I expect students will love it on Monday. They loved it as it was last week.

Some things that are different about Squeeze:

  • no xpdf, my favourite PDF viewer
  • XFCE4 is looking a bit like GNOME with the virtual desktops at the bottom-right. This is configurable, of course.
  • XFCE4 mixer works… :-) Had to install Amarok to get sound to work. Diversity is good…
  • XawTV does not work for me. Not surprising as I installed all the last 700 packages manually. My USB camera seems to be recognized but does not work with XawTV.

Squeeze works well enough as it is for production use here. Where are they hiding those bugs?

- Robert Pogson

Now, for some Video

I just opened some new webcams from Logitech: “Webcam C200“. Plugged one into my terminal server.

Mar 18 08:57:34 xeon kernel: [1802205.441605] usb 4-2: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 3
Mar 18 08:57:35 xeon kernel: [1802205.743847] usb 4-2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
Mar 18 08:57:35 xeon kernel: [1802205.744694] usb 4-2: New USB device found, idVendor=046d, idProduct=0802
Mar 18 08:57:35 xeon kernel: [1802205.744699] usb 4-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=0, SerialNumber=2
Mar 18 08:57:35 xeon kernel: [1802205.744702] usb 4-2: SerialNumber: 3D455880
Mar 18 08:57:37 xeon kernel: [1802208.114899] Linux video capture interface: v2.00
Mar 18 08:57:37 xeon kernel: [1802208.249817] uvcvideo: Found UVC 1.00 device (046d:0802)
Mar 18 08:57:37 xeon kernel: [1802208.299950] input: UVC Camera (046d:0802) as /class/input/input5
Mar 18 08:57:37 xeon kernel: [1802208.582079] usbcore: registered new interface driver uvcvideo
Mar 18 08:57:37 xeon kernel: [1802208.582079] usbcore: registered new interface driver snd-usb-audio
Mar 18 08:57:37 xeon kernel: [1802208.582079] USB Video Class driver (v0.1.0)

Thank you Linus and Logitech!

I installed xawtv: apt-get install xawtv and ran it from the XFCE4 menu. Thank you, Debian GNU/Linux!

Video capture from XawTV

Video capture from XawTV

- Robert Pogson

Desktop GNU/Linux

Oh no! Here we go again! There is an article claiming as fact that GNU/Linux on the desktop is soon to be irrelevant as it will not matter what OS you run on your PC. How silly. It matters what OS you run on your PC or in the cloud because:

  • GNU/Linux costs less to run anywhere
  • GNU/Linux is Free Software and freedom is better for everyone except tyrants
  • Software designed to be simple, modular and effective performs better with the given hardware and budget than stuff designed to lock-in users

Really, will the FUD never stop? GNU/Linux is becoming more relevant every day as people realize they do not require M$ in their lives whether on client or server. Where I work, people are saying, “It’s faster? Install it.”, so rather than fighting to keep XP alive, my job has changed into migrating as many clients as possible as fast as I can to GNU/Linux. I am now delayed, not by expertise or availability of clients, but adequacy of the servers. I will have to shift the file-serving load that is on the GNU/Linux terminal server to a dedicated file-service on another machine. I will also have to beef up the terminal server (RAM) or add terminal servers to use clients thinly. I am looking at using GNU/Linux thick clients which are a lot more work but they still perform twice as well as that other OS.

Desktop GNU/Linux is happening whether on clients thick or thin or on servers. Repeating the same old drivel that GNU/Linux has no share and never will is tiresome and wrong. It could be that certain niches will stick with M$. It is those who are becoming irrelevant. GNU/Linux is mainstream and growing more rapidly daily on both server and desktop. Last time I looked, that other OS was still losing share in the top server hosting companies. There is no way M$ will dominate the cloud. Lock-in does not work on the web. There are too many choices too easily accessed for M$ to have a monopoly there. Look at search and e-mail and social networking, mature cloud niches. Where is M$? They have Hotmail and that’s about it.
“comScore estimates unique monthly visitors. According to the latest stats, the number of people visiting Gmail grew 43 percent last year to 29.6 million. In contrast, the much more massive Yahoo Mail grew 11 percent to 91.9 million uniques. AOL Mail finished in second place for the year with 46.6 million uniques (plus another 7.2 million visitors to AIM Mail), while Hotmail actually declined 5 percent to 43.5 million.” No monopoly there either. When it comes to price and performance, M$ is second rate because they are closed, closed-minded, and anal-retentive. see “Gmail Grew 43 Percent Last Year. AOL Mail And Hotmail Need To Start Worrying.” on TechCrunch, 20009-1-14. More recent figures show the trend continues. Gmail shows even stronger year over year % growth in Brazil.. I seem to recall that Google uses GNU/Linux. Is Google becoming irrelevant? No.

- Robert Pogson

Ouch! Judge Stewart denies the jury access to important evidence.

Two of SCOGs witnesses in SCO v Novell contradicted each other between testimony and deposition and Judge Stewart is denying Novell the opportunity to inform the jury of that contradiction. That seems unfair on its face. Novell moved for a mistrial and was denied that as well. You can follow the details on GROKLAW. I was beginning to think the judge was being even-handed but this seems outrageous. SCOG’s case is falling apart and Novell cannot show the obvious holes to the jury. The final instructions to the jury will be drawn up by Judge stewart after submissions by SCOG and Novell. With this apparent bias, there is a huge opportunity for unfairness to lead the jury astray. Perhaps this will correct itself in a sound finding by the jury but without all the relevant evidence they may not be advised to view SCOG’s foot-guns in perspective.

Let us hope that, if SCOG continues to shoot itself in the feet, the judge will be unable to subvert justice further. Novell still has the potential for an insightful decision based on what already has been heard and the SCOTUS can still pull the rug out from under this trial.

- Robert Pogson

Winning is Everything

I feel like a winner these days. In spite of all kinds of bumps in the road of life, a lot of good has happened this year. Today, for instance, I needed my spool of cable to connect a computer in a convenient place to an outlet in an inconvenient place. To my horror, I could not find it anywhere. The last place I remembered using it was the classroom across the hall from mine. I had forgotten that I strung that cable in anticipation of the copier guys visiting when I made a cable for them in the supply room. Lo, a teacher found it in her way in the supply room. Fortunately, it had my name on it as I brought it up in luggage. Other good things have been:

  • Winning the school-built toboggan race with my improved classroom desk…
  • Winning third place a few times when there were only three entries…
  • Finding an employer and staff really willing to accept GNU/Linux for the performance

Seriously, apart from some awards as a student, the last time I competed and won something was 1958 in a Field Day at a one-room school in the bush. I had forgotten how good it is to win.

I was surprised to find in my in-box, an invitation to enter a contest by AMD for some neat processors and a motherboard to go with it. We are talking serious multicore CPUs and a quad-socket motherboard with 32 memory slots. Unfortunately, it is only open to residents of the USA. Too bad, I could envisage this thing being the heart of the ultimate GNU/Linux terminal server:

  • everything in one box: terminal servers, web servers, file servers, authentication, …
  • about one core for every two client machines
  • enough RAM to cache everything in ECC
  • a bunch of gigabit/s NICs

Compare that with one core for thirty or so clients and you can see a machine that rarely lets anyone wait and you would have adequate power for the occasional big job like compiling the Linux kernel or some 3D graphics in Blender or editing AV stuff. I doubt my non-budget would be enough to populate the RAM slots but it is good to have challenges. I might be willing to host a few BINGO nights to pay for it.

- Robert Pogson

Primal Scream!

AAAGGGHHHHHH!!! I let that other OS do it to me again. Yesterday I was giving my second lecture for my computer science course. I was using an XP machine on a cart as a terminal via RDP to my GNU/Linux terminal server.

I started up Impressive with a PDF slide show and some images to finish it off. I had set Impressive to show my progress bar for 20 minutes side to side. I had just got into it when a pop-up from the underlying OS intervened. It warned me that it would re-re-reboot in 14 minutes. “Cancel” was greyed out. I minimized my terminal window and it was still greyed-out. I didn’t want to interrupt my flow so I checked the time and decided I could finish in the time left. I dragged the pop-up to the side while roundly cursing that other OS.

You guessed it. I was on the last few slides when it pulled the plug. The only machine in the lab still running that other OS had bit me. It is on my hit list.

If that is not bad enough. I went around configuring machines to print to the photocopier which recently got a network interface and I found one deeply infected. No malware scanner… I set up one and found a mess. Not a huge number but at least one that could not be removed. Another scanner found even more, a different set. I have no confidence that it is fixable and I cannot contact the teacher to identify any files that need backup. After 15 hours of scanning with various scanners, everyone now says it is virus-free. I doubt it.

On the other hand, the 500 gB drives and monitors arrived but are in limbo while the bean-counters count beans.

- Robert Pogson

SCO v Novell 2010-3-9

It was a great day. Novell scored a big hit by getting SCO’s witness to agree the copyrights did not transfer from Novell to Santa Cruz Operation. I think the jury will not be able to forget this little detail in all of the rest of the noise.

According to GROKLAW’s reporter,MSS2 , Frankenberg cross-examination by Novell yields many nuggets:

The BOD minutes contain a motion to approve the APA. It passed unanimously. The minutes said that Novell retained the copyrights. Frankenberg admits that that’s what the minutes say. He admits that the minutes are accurate.

Frankenberg did not read all of the APA when he signed it. He relied on the lawyers and his negotiating team.”

That pretty well blows SCOG’s case, doesn’t it? Their own witness revealing the fundamental flaw in SCO v Novell, that SCO doesn’t own the copyrights so Novell could not have slandered SCOG’s title.

There is more to the case than that but SCOG is paddling a leaky canvas canoe and will be soggy when they dance in front of the jury. The jurors will remember this little detail…

- Robert Pogson

Review of Google-Chrome Web Browser

It took a little bit of familiarization, but I am really enjoying this browser.

  • It tabs the way I want, with a newly opened tab to the right of the current tab instead of 20 tabs to the right
  • It spell-checks so that I can see the error. FF’s redline was too thin for me.
  • It’s FAST!
  • 5.0.307.7 beta is stable for me except for some TinyMCE pages (HTML works, RTF crashes the page)
  • The current tab is brighter so I can work the tabs better. I tried all kinds of things in FF and got dim and dimmer tabs. Perhaps it’s the monitor or the eyes but Google-Chrome works much better for me
  • The menus are almost non-existent and it’s OK, because the mouse and keyboard can control everything.
  • I am not sure about security. It’s too new, but I would bet that the more recently a browser is developed, the more likely that care is taken to watch for potential security holes. Google Chrome is copyright 2006-2010 so it is in the era post-worm-waves.
  • Search works right from the address bar. You do not need to type a “g” prefix to get Google, for instance, just something not a URI will go to Google for searching. This saves clicks.

You can download it at no cost from http://www.google.com/chrome. It runs on GNU/Linux as well as that other OS.

I am considering pushing this out to my XP clients. I may convert my XP clients to GNU/Linux at the same time. Some consultation is in order. I have set up a backup server so staff can backup their files properly. I could wait a bit until the 500 gB drives ordered arrive to be sure there are no surprises. The boss has asked me to give a presentation on the migration and advantages of change at the next staff meeting. Administration of the thick clients and terminal servers for thin clients will be a lot easier using GNU/Linux. Chrome could be a big part of that. Anything that makes these five-year old PCs run faster is welcome.

- Robert Pogson

First Week of SCO v Novell Jury Trial

I must say I am feeling better about the proceedings now. The judge seems quite fair in spite of the strange ruling of the Court of Appeal and the pre-trial motions.

There have been some clue-bat moments reported on GROKLAW:

  • Reporter cpeterson:”One highlight of today: when Ty Mattingly referred to Ed Chatlos’ testimony. (Cue sound of jaws dropping.) “How did you know what Mr. Chatlos said? How did you know that Mr. Chatlos had testified?” asked Brennan. After some stammering, and hunting for an answer, Mattingly said, “Lee Johnson told me.” Bad case of footgun, I think.“. The jury might de-rate that testimony, eh?
  • A filing reveals that Maureen O’Gara asked SCO for “war pay” because of the angry responses she gets from her readers and that Blake Stowell, PR guy for SCOG requested MOG to “send a jab PJ’s way. She is now listed as a creditor. The judge is considering what parts of her video-taped testimony to allow. see GROKLAW.
  • . Mattingly also testified that he found Novell documents in his garage. SCOG turned them over to Novell only during the trial, a Perry Mason moment which the judge abhors…
  • Judge Stewart has a motion from Novell that because SCOG was accusing Novell of slandering their title “to this day”, Novell could introduce evidence of findings under the previous judge who made summary judgements. SCOG has to prove Novell new it was wrong but they could rely on the opinion of a federal court judge. That was a foot-gun moment. Adding a phrase for emphasis repeatedly in questions to witnesses and in the opening argument cost them. Stewart had previously agreed to exclude this information from the jury.
  • Reporters describe the awkward moments for SCOG’s witnesses trying to state the copyrights were transferred even though the agreement says they were excluded. How cool is that? There was also news that one of the jurors may be a relative of a possible witness.

All in all, I think it was a good start to a bad trial. The appeal by Novell has reached SCOTUS but there is no word yet that they will hear the case. The lawyers agreed the trial should proceed because it may be a long time before there is any progress at SCOTUS. They also agreed that there is only a small chance of the case being heard statistically.

- Robert Pogson

Class-action Battle in BC

British Columbia, Canada, is the scene of a battle shaping up against M$ for anti-competitive acts causing harm to purchasers of licences. The class was just certified.

” The statement of claim alleges that Microsoft committed specific anti-competitive acts aimed at a number of competing products. These include:

(a) DRI’s DR DOS operating system;

(b) IBM’s OS/2 operating system;

(c) Go’s PenPoint, an operating system designed to accept handwriting as an input;

(d) Be’s BeOS operating system;

(e) Linux and other open source operating systems;

(f) Lindows.com, Inc.’s LindowsOS operating system, now known as Linspire;

(g) Micrografx’s Mirrors developer tool;

(h) Borland’s C++ programming language;

(i) Netscape’s Navigator web browser;

(j) Sun’s Java programming language;

(k) RealNetwork’s audio and video streaming software;

(l) Burst’s video streaming technology;

(m) Intel’s NSP software to enhance graphics and video performance of PCs with Intel computer chips;

(n) Samba open source software that allows Linux and UNIX machines to act as files, print and authentication servers for Windows clients;

(o) Lotus’ Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet software;

(p) WordPerfect (later Corel’s) WordPerfect word processing software;

(q) Sun’s StarOffice office application;

(r) Corel’s WordPerfect Office application;

(s) Lotus’ SmartsSuite application.”

I love it. I tried to get the Competition Bureau to act years ago but they declined in deference to the US DOJ. Why surrender sovereignty? Every nation should prosecute M$ into the Stone Age.

- Robert Pogson

Software Patents: Read Jonathan Schwartz’s Blog

Bill skipped the small talk, and went straight to the point, “Microsoft owns the office productivity market, and our patents read all over OpenOffice.”

see Jonathan Schwartz’s Blog

It’s all about using software patents to fight software patents. It is probably why Ballmer is all talk and no cattle. M$ has more to lose than anybody if they start a war over software patents. M$ can pick off little guys with no software patent portfolio but not big guys like SUN. Let us hope SCOTUS sprays water all over that powder-keg. Software patents have to go to keep the bullies in check.

- Robert Pogson

Things are not Rosy for “7″

M$ has boasted that “7″ is so good they will not release the first service pack for two years. Well, reality has crept in to mind-set. SP1 will be released in Q4 2010 if the rumour-mill is right as usual.

Reality is not welcome to the salesmen at M$. They don’t want the public to hear any negatives about Vista-recycled. Now they have to worry that fewer will migrate from XP to “7″ or that migrations will be delayed. Poor babies. The longer XP hangs around, the more will migrate to GNU/Linux because it is an actual improvement and it’s faster. The patch rate of that other OS is the only thing fast about that other OS. Having to install a lot of patches on top of a retail licensed OS is not what they want a lot of consumers seeing, but it is happening.

- Robert Pogson

Shutting Down That Other OS

I have been working at this place for three months and have made a lot of improvements:

  • set up a router
  • set up several servers
  • made clean images of XP updated from SP1 with FAT to current with NTFS for several types of PC
  • increased network speed from 10 to 100 mbits/s
  • added gigabit/s links for servers
  • added Sophos firewall/malware protection

Still it is not working. Clean machines that I installed in these three months are coming back to me. Even my own machine that I use to connect to a GNU/Linux terminal server slowed down. That was the last straw. I cannot afford the time to keep fixing XP. Last night I had an opportunity to shut down that other OS on another PC.

A teacher who is doing a fine job managing some rowdy junior high school students has lately been working late on his PC. He told me recently that it had lost its connection to the Internet. I looked at it and indeed, it no longer knew about the Atheros chip. There was no sign of malware so I expect it was some automatic update clobbered the DLINK installation. There were .DLLs missing, too. I told him I would install GNU/Linux and it would hold its configuration. He said, “OK”. The guy is only recently a PC user so I doubt he understood the implications but his needs were simple. He said he had no files to back up.

Because his PC had a flash card reader that was rare, I swapped a PC from the pool with XP. I did a base install of Debian Lenny using the netinst CD. Because he had only 256 MB RAM, I did not want anything extra. The machine would not boot past the USB keyboard so I fetched a PS/2 keyboard for the installation. Responding to prompts, I created a user for him and none for the students. I gave him a stiff password. I set up the proxy for APT pointing it at our proxy server which caches packages. The installation was routine. At the first boot the wireless card was recognized but not configured. I did the installation on 100baseT cable. I added minimal software with
apt-get install xfce4 xpdf xserver-xorg-i810 xdm iceweasel vlc abiword kwifimanager

I added the lines
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
essid default
mode Managed

to /etc/network/interfaces and commented out the eth0 entries. Wireless then worked and we had about 5 mbits/s or more. The location in my lab was not good for reception.

The X server would not start when I moved it to the classroom. The mouse was not seen by the BIOS being USB and the box being old. I added
Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice" to /etc/X11/xorg.conf after seeing that there was a /dev/input/mice file. X then started and I logged in as root to download and install Google-Chrome browser and Flashplayer from Adobe.com. I had to create /opt/google/chrome/plugins/ to hold libflashplayer.so link. Everything worked. “It sure is fast!”, he said, observing over my shoulder. It certainly was. We used vlc and Google-Chrome to browse some radio stations. Peter, Paul and Mary singing “The Hammer Song” brought tears to our eyes.

I added his HP Laerjet 4 printer from 1991 with a PCL5 driver and it was good. We found the copy very dirty and the drum was visibly dirty so we put in a new cartridge. The second page was clean. I dropped in later in the evening and he was having fun. No problems. I can add a few apps as a result of his experiences and have a good image to roll out to the rest of the XP machines as needed.

- Robert Pogson

Adobe and GNU/Linux

There is news that Photoshop (or at least a tiny subset) is available for Android.. Could this be the start of a move to support PS on GNU/Linux? Maybe not. The functionality added is less than ImageMagick. OTOH maybe Adobe is seeing that where there is growth, there should be PS.

- Robert Pogson

Trust

Trust is a word M$ does not understand. Steve Ballmer has stated that he is going all in to provide cloud services and to integrate them into that other OS. No one trusts M$. Venturing into the cloud requires trust. The only sector that is close to trusting M$ is business and they trust M$ like a rattlesnake. You are doomed if you trust a rattlesnake not to strike. It’s what they do. They will strike eventually if you stay within range. Best to leave them alone.

Business trusts M$ so much they passed on Vista and they are not rushing to “7″. When is business going to get into bed with M$ in the cloud? Maybe “8″ or “9″, after many have migrated to more open systems? Not likely. Gartner predicts that business will escape via thin clients in the next few years. They’re leaving you, Steve. It’s a couple of years before GNU/Linux is popular on the desktop and thin clients are already mature technology. Neither needs that other OS, or M$.

Sure, some will stick with that other OS when they venture into the cloud but it will not be because they trust M$.

- Robert Pogson



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My Mission

My observations and opinions about IT are based on 40 years of use in science and technology and lately, in education. I like IT that is fast, cost-effective and reliable. I do not care whether my solution is the same as yours. I like to think for myself.

My first use of GNU/Linux in 2001 was so remarkably better than what I had been using, I feel it is important work to share GNU/Linux with the world. I have been blessed by working in schools where students and school systems have benefited by good, modular software easily installed in most systems.

I have shown GNU/Linux to thousands of students and hundreds of teachers over the years and will continue in some way doing that until I die in spite of the opposition.

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