Archive for May, 2008

Ban www.desktoplinux.com !

In a thread entitled “What are the benefits of open source?”, started by amicus_curious, one of the trolls of the Internet, I wrote:

“Fortunately Ziff-Davis has decided that OUR side of this debate is worth hearing.”

That is the problem. ZD does not love GNU/Linux. There is nothing wrong with being balanced but putting up a debate page and tolerating abuse is wrong. There appears to be no active moderation here.

There isn’t really a debate. Supporters of GNU/Linux bring out examples of good things happening with GNU/Linux and the trolls heap insults and ignore the data. The supporters of M$ bring out more trolls. The trolls look at data from M$ and USA when that is highly unrepresentative of global usage. The trolls put impossibly narrow conditions on GNU/Linux that are clearly biased.

GNU/Linux on the desktop has made great progress in 2007/2008 in spite of all the beliefs, knowledge and expertise of the trolls to deny that GNU/Linux is advancing quite well. I expect a good annual increase in share for several years. All the signs point to it:OEM units with GNU/Linux, new products like the eee PC, web stats even from USA, survey stats from all over, and Vista flopping and XP being killed. There is nothing the trolls can write that will stop this progress.

Which, I think is fair criticism of the moderation there when I can be called an “idiot”, “zealot” (in the derogatory sense of a mindless person), “teacher” (in the sense of those, who can’t, teach), and “from Canaduh, eh?” and “stupid” with no comment from the moderator whatsoever.

The moderator’s reply was:

“Pogson –

Oh, can it, would you?

Thanks!

-ed.”

So, it appears that enthusiasm by fans of GNU/Linux cannot be tolerated there but ad hominem attacks, wild disparaging remarks about GNU/Linux and users of GNU/Linux are just fine. The trolls there in recent weeks, on www.desktoplinux.com have spouted ideas like:

  • GNU/Linux on the desktop is not ready because businesses do not deploy it on 5000-desktop quantities. I replied with many examples of business doing that and my citations were criticized as irrelevant by the trolls, and the moderator did nothing. The trolls rarely document their criticism. It’s usually a one-liner or a very biased source.
  • GNU/Linux has progressed to only a 1% share in 15 years so it will never make it. I dug up numbers from SEC filings and web stats to prove GNU/Linux has more than a 6% share globally.
  • GNU/Linux is too hard and complicated. I recount the use of GNU/Linux successfully and with only occasional help needed by six-year old humans. I recount the difficulties just starting a brand new Vista machine (now, there’s complicated). Where was the moderator when it was stated in the forums that I was only a teacher and new nothing about IT, was incompetent, and was deceiving my students and employers about the usefulness of GNU/Linux? Nowhere.
  • Where was the moderator when the trolls threw out gems like GNU/Linux would never make it on the desktop until QuickBooks, PhotoShop and AutoCad were ported to GNU/Linux. When it was pointed out that only a few seats in most businesses would use those applications, we were shouted down as stupid ignorant nitwits by a chorus of trolls.

  • Coders of FLOSS were compared to monkeys by oldman who rarely does more than a one-liner. This is not debate. It is abuse.

    “The FLOSS community has far more coders than M$, for instance, and because the code is open whoever has a better idea and implementation of that idea wins.”

    10000 monkeys banging away at typewriters will not re-create hamlet.

    This reply could be seen as humorous but it completely ignores the fact that there are more than 100000 coders working on GNU/Linux around the world and many are top in their field or are working towards that. That is classic web trolling:

    • say nothing about the subject at hand,
    • change the subject,
    • hurl abuse/derision, and
    • begging the question.

One can see the magnitude of the problem by sorting out the players. These are the frequent posters:

Trolls Rational Humans
Truth (oxymoron) FThompson
RhoXS GWeeper
RhoXS2 Trio
Gadfly Tropical Monkey
Bitnaga pogson
Irronrabbit CrazyPenguin
Amicus_curious WalterByrd

What does it say about the site that trolls are as plentiful as legitimate posters, trolls hurl insults at rational human beings who cite reputable sources supporting their arguments, and the site is supposed to be about GNU/Linux on the desktop? There appear to be many thousands of visitors to the site but so few post because they are not masochists.

So, I conclude trolls and M$’s sycophants are welcome on www.desktoplinux.com and I am not. So I am done with that site. I will contribute more here where Google can find my comments. I have contributed a lot to the site in the last year and all I get is abuse from the trolls with no help from the moderator.

In case any of the trolls drop by and are confused by the word, “sycophant”, I supply alternatives from Moby Thesaurus:

Moby Thesaurus words for “sycophant”:
adherent, adulator, apple-polisher, ass-licker, backscratcher,
backslapper, blarneyer, bootlick, bootlicker, bootlicking,
brown-nose, brownie, cajoler, clawback, courtier, cowering,
creature, cringer, cringing, disciple, dummy, dupe, fawner,
figurehead, flatterer, flunky, follower, footlicker, gillie, goon,
gopher, groveler, groveling, handshaker, hanger-on, helot,
henchman, instrument, jackal, kowtower, kowtowing, lackey,
led captain, lickspit, lickspittle, man, mealymouth, minion,
myrmidon, parasitic, peon, puppet, reptile, satellite, self-seeker,
serf, slave, snob, spaniel, stooge, suck, thug, timeserver, toad,
toadeater, toady, toadying, toadyish, tool, truckler, truckling,
tufthunter, votary, wheedler, yes-man

Pick whichever word you like.

- Robert Pogson

PC sales up, Windows sales down

This thread of comments on GROKLAW
PC sales up, Windows sales down , connects a bunch of dots.

Conclusion, Vista sales are seriously weak. When XP is killed in June, the retail sailes of XP will disappear and enterprise/wholesale/OEM sales will dry up soon after. Expect more good news in the second and third quarters. By the time the dinosaur responds, it will be too late. The rodents/penguins will take/over. Many millions of machines incapable of running Vista were sold in the last two years and sales of Vista are unlikely to pick up for a couple of years at least, meaning the window of opportunity for GNU/Linux will remain wide open. 2008 is the first year in M$’s history that they have had any serious competition for the PC OS. Good fun.

Based on web stats and Mac sales figures, we are quite sure GNU/Linux has reached 6% of seats on the web. I would not be surprised to see the figure double this year.Accept credit card free
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- Robert Pogson

Waterloo!

M$ seems intent on buying Yahoo! Latest rumours are that the offer will be raised a few dollars per share. Over at Microsoft-watch, Joe Wilcox is offering more free advice,

Steve, if the stress doesn’t kill you, Yahoo will turn you into a real Monkey Boy, but shrilling in despair. Maybe a merger would work better if Yahoo wasn’t so unwilling. Her dowry is enormous. You’ll have to borrow money to get her, create debt Microsoft hasn’t seen in years. Do you really want to borrow $10 billion or more for her?

HeHeHe. :-)

M$ had a plan to do a string of acquisitions. They have always done acquisitions, since DOS. Joe suggests funding startups. That could work. Get whatever talent there is working on innovation for a change. Vista is not innovation. It is not even catch-up. It is an echo of the past, “More bloat, please!” The client and server OS are becoming irrelevant in many eyes. We can do whatever we want with GNU/Linux, thank you. We do not need M$ anymore. Trying to diversify into a different monopoly may or may not work. If they fail to get a monopoly in search, ads, Web 2.0,… they have no where to go but down. No more outrageous profits. No more billionaires by the bucket. Moreover, if Yahoo! does not work for M$, they will be scrambling to stay relevant and everyone will see the emperor has no clothes. No monopoly. No easy billions. No more lock-in, eventually.

This is M$’s Waterloo. They have chosen the battleground and it is uphill and slippery in every direction. Google owns the high ground. FLOSS surrounds them in every direction out to the horizon. Ammunition, morale and leadership are running low. It does not look good for M$, but the rest of us have a bright future, a world without M$ domination. A world where energy and innitiative can make us a good living and we can keep more money at home to build local industry and feed kids is much more to my liking. M$ got away with lock-in by spreading a lot of the cash flow to OEMs but it still cost twice as much to set up a school with that other OS than with GNU/Linux. Now, we will be able to afford enough seats. Even one PC per student is possible in a world without M$’s shadow.

The latest webstats are in for April, 2008: GNU/Linux is up another tick according to NetApps to 0.67%, that’s a 20% increase since the eee PC came out in October 2007. Nice. They are the lowest number for share but showing good growth. That means GNU/Linux is on the move on the desktop everywhere. On the server, Apache is still eating M$’s lunch.

Even M$ cannot make more people click Yahoo! and fewer Google. Where are they going to get the ramp-up in revenue to return the investment? How are they going to break even any time soon? M$ does not do well in a competitive environment. They need monopoly. They need 80% margins, not 10%. The only time they beat a market leader was Netscape in the browser wars and they did that leveraging the monopoly on the desktop. That is so 20th century. Does Ballmer believe he can do that again? I would be willing to bet against them. I will invest in GNU/Linux and freedom in 2008.

I had a glitch on the site. In the interim, the offer has been withdrawn. There are those who predict Yahoo! will crash and burn, but it turns out now M$ is making a move to only acquire the search part of Yahoo! Fat chance. That is like M$ selling that other OS to anybody and trying to run the rest of the business the same old way. It will not work. Yahoo! leverages search for their whole business. Ballmer must be mad.Monopril
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- Robert Pogson

Apples v Apples

The recent press release from IDC, “U.S. Growth Slips, But Worldwide PC Shipments Remain Healthy, According to IDC”, contains some interesting data we can combine with web stats to gain further insight into GNU/Linux adoption.

  • The US PC market is not bad with 3.5% growth Q1-2008/Q1-2007. The US is a mature market, but there is no “pop” for the pent-up demand for a new OS from M$. Apple gets 6% of this market with 25% growth and is in fourth place, after Acer and before Toshiba.
  • The global PC market is hot with 14.6% growth. This is a largely expanding market with many newcomers becoming consumers in China, India, Russia and South America. Here, Apple is a no show, not in the top five, presumably with fewer sales than Toshiba at 4.4%.

Combining this with Apple’s 10Q (2.289 million units sold) and knowing that MacOS is only allowed to run on Macs, we can tell pretty surely that a little more than 3% of PCs are Macs running MacOS. Web stats show that other OS has dropped below 90%, so that leaves more than 6% for GNU/Linux. QED

- Robert Pogson

Gael Duval has Another Hit.

Remember Mandrake, now Mandriva? Gael Duval was the mover and shaker. Now he has another winner, Ulteo Virtual Desktop. This is a pre-installed virtual machine with GNU/Linux. It is an executable for that other OS that a user can download and install in the usual way for that system, and it works. The user gets OpenOffice.org, FireFox, Gimp, KDE, GNU/Linux and lots more with a click or two. Think of it. No boot loader stuff, no partitioning, no cryptic Q & A, just clicks familiar to the user. What a concept! It is a further advance of GNU/Linux, probably bigger than the live CD.

On top of the ease of installation, the user gets to run both OS at once and can use the file-system of that other OS from GNU/Linux. When the user finds that that other OS is no longer needed, he doesn’t even need to do an installation, just stay in the virtual desktop. Cool.

I tried it and except for an invitation to sign up for an account with Ulteo, and pulseaudio and Xming needing a break on the firewall (possibly for this account thing), and a noticeable boot time for the VM it was very smooth. The only indication that there is a virtual machine involved afterwards is a second network connection icon. I am convinced this thing will catch the wave of GNU/Linux adoption in 2008. WOW!

I am considering putting this all over my lab: booting as a GNU/Linux thin client, that other OS, or GNU/Linux in the Virtual Desktop. Choices, choices… It is still a beta, but it looks good so far.

- Robert Pogson

Supercomputer in my Lab

Here in Shamattawa we are having a science fair. The idea is to have students learn about science by doing it and adding some excitement by publicizing the result. There could be much fun and motivation from the exercise. If students do well here they may be able to go to regional science fairs.I have a background in science but here I am the “computer” teacher. I thought about some projects we could do with the Grade 9 students who will be with me for this semester. They are energetic and smart. I expect those characteristics spill over into use of computers, too. I need ideas they can develop in a few weeks that could make a difference in their lives.As always, when making plans, I surveyed the tools available: Debian Etch in a local repository, some bandwidth to the Internet (variable), 24 lab PCs, a local copy of Wikipedia from 2005, and a web server and a terminal server. The terminal server normally runs all the apps for the lab and the web/file server supplies the root filesystems for the clients by NFS. We tossed around the idea of using OpenMosix to share processes around but came up with a project that is naturally divisible (cracking passwords) and used a script instead:

First Annual Abraham Beardy Memorial School Science FairComputer Science Demo Robert PogsonAbraham Beardy Memorial School2008-05-10
HOW SECURE IS YOUR PASSWORD?We use passwords to prevent unauthorized access to computers and documents by people or computer programmes. If we use a short password, obviously a computer could try randomly and guess it in a short time. When malware is installed on your computer, it could be doing this to cause your computer to be sluggish. We investigate how long it takes a single computer and a cluster of computers to crack passwords of shorter lengths.Method- We wrote a small computer programme that tries all the printable characters on a keyboard and tests them against a hashed (scrambled) form of a known password. When the hash value of the randomly generated password matches the hash value of the known password, we decide the password has been cracked. Here is the programme written in PASCAL, a programming language developed by Niklaus Wirth for teaching programming.

program cracker;
uses math,md5,strings;
(* Robert Pogson 2008 *)
var unknown:string;solution:string; tests:string;
var i,u1,u2,limit,code,processor,processors:integer;
const universe=’!@#$%^&*()_+|1234567890=\~`QWERTYUIOP{}qwertyuiop[]ASDFGHJKL:”asdfghjkl;”ZXCVBNM<>?zxcvbnm,./’;
const debug=false;
(*Recursive procedure to test current version of guess and try all the universe of printable characters next *)
procedure r( s:string);
var i,j:integer;
begin
tests:=MD5Print(MD5String(s));(*calculate MD5 hash of current string*)
if tests=unknown then begin writeln(‘cracked! ‘,s);halt( 0)
end (*exit with cracked! message if cracked*)
else
begin j:=length(s)+1;s[0]:=chr(j);if j<=limit then
(*calculate new length and loop through next character and test*)
for i:=1 to length(universe) do
begin
s[j]:=universe[i];
r(s)
end
end
end;
begin (*main programme that reads from the command line*)
solution:='';
if paramcount < 4 then
begin writeln('usage: cracker md5sum limit processor processors');
if paramcount = 1 then writeln('md5 of parameter 1 is ',MD5Print(md5string(paramstr(1)))) end
(*dump MD5sum of input if only 1*)
else
begin
val(paramstr(2),limit,code); (*convert the input to a number for the maximum length to test*)
val(paramstr(3),processor,code);
val(paramstr(4),processors,code);
u1:=length(universe) mod processors;
if u1=0 then u2:= (processor) * (length(universe) div processors)
else u2:=(processor) * ((length(universe) div processors )+1);
if u2>length(universe) then u2:=length(universe);
if u1=0 then u1:=u2-(length(universe) div processors) else u1:=u2+1 – ((length(universe) div processors )+1);
if u1<1 then u1:=1;writeln(u1,’ ‘,u2,’ ‘,length(universe));unknown:=paramstr(1);
for i:=u1 to u2 do
begin solution:=’a';solution[1]:=universe[i];r(solution) (*start the recursion*)
end;end;end.

The programme is invoked by pointing the operating system to the programme “cracker” followed by parameters, the hash, the maximum length of password to try, the number of the processor and the number of processors involved in the calculation.
pogson@beryl:~$ time ./cracker d077f244def8a70e5ea758bd8352fcd8 3 1 1
cracked! cat
real 0m25.935s
user 0m25.794s
sys 0m0.004s
pogson@beryl:~$ time ./cracker 0832c1202da8d382318e329a7c133ea0 4 1 1 cracked! cats
real 0m25.951s
user 0m25.818s
sys 0m0.012s
pogson@beryl:~$ time ./cracker 938c2cc0dcc05f2b68c4287040cfcf71 4 1 1cracked! frog
real 0m17.735s
user 0m17.629s
sys 0m0.008s
pogson@beryl:~$ time ./cracker c8a104e88d5ebf08d6edde8efc3c953c 6 1 1 cracked! fairyt
real 645m56.217s
user 636m18.978s
sys 0m10.669s

Of course, these tests presume we know the length of the password to save time. In general we do not so a real test would use a larger number for the maximum length. In practice, we can assume a user will use a shorter password and repeatedly raise the length as we do trials.The script to run this programme on the computers in the lab is simple:
for ((f=23;f=f-1;)) ;do ssh lab$f cracker c8a104e88d5ebf08d6edde8efc3c953c 6 $f 24;done
SSH is a neat client server system that permits a command generated on one computer to be executed on another. We simply put cracker in the command path in each computer in the lab (from a file server) and run the command above to crack the password. Since there are 22 PCs working, they each have 5 first characters to try and the solution will be 5 times longer than the examples given above at most.

CONCLUSION- A password less than 7 characters long may be cracked in a day or two by an attacker of modest means, if the attacker has access to the hashed password, and there is no timeout or denial of access on failure of a password attempt. Any modern system will deny access to the hashed passwords by file permission access control, so the first point is not serious. On the other hand, when we download malware on a system, and run our systems many hours every day, often with network access always on, the intruder has all the time in the world to patiently chip away at our security.

We can prevent password crackers from working by choosing an operating system that does not permit malware to run by default (GNU/Linux, UNIX, since inception). Microsoft Windows, while improving in security provides many unnecessary services to malware permitting it to keep trying, or in many cases to skip password cracking and taking control of the system by privilege escalation. Since Microsoft has had a monopoly on PC operating systems (middle 1990s) they have had little commercial pressure to pay attention to security. Their operating system was designed from the beginning as a single-user system with no concerns for security whatsoever. The UNIX family of operating systems (AIX, HP-UX, GNU/Linux, Mac OS X) have always been multi-user systems and had mechanisms from the beginning to protect one user from another.

BIBLIOGRAPHY-
CyberInsecurity: The Cost of Monopoly How the Dominance of Microsoft’s Products Poses a Risk to Security – “Computing is crucial to the infrastructure of advanced countries. Yet, as fast as the world’s computing infrastructure is growing, security vulnerabilities within it are growing faster still. The security situation is deteriorating, and that deterioration compounds when nearly all computers in the hands of end users rely on a single operating system subject to the same vulnerabilities the world over. Most of the world’s computers run Microsoft’s operating systems, thus most of the world’s computers are vulnerable to the same viruses and worms at the same time. The only way to stop this is to avoid monoculture in computer operating systems, and for reasons just as reasonable and obvious as avoiding monoculture in farming. Microsoft exacerbates this problem via a wide range of practices that lock users to its platform. The impact on security of this lock-in is real and endangers society. Because Microsoft’s near-monopoly status itself magnifies security risk, it is essential that society become less dependent on a single operating system from a single vendor if our critical infrastructure is not to be disrupted in a single blow. The goal must be to break the monoculture. Efforts by Microsoft to improve security will fail if their side effect is to increase user-level lock-in. Microsoft must not be allowed to impose new restrictions on its customers – imposed in the way only a monopoly can do – and then claim that such exercise of monopoly power is somehow a solution to the security problems inherent in its products. The prevalence of security flaw in Microsoft’s products is an effect of monopoly power; it must not be allowed to become a reinforcer. Governments must set an example with their own internal policies and with the regulations they impose on industries critical to their societies. They must confront the security effects of monopoly and acknowledge that competition policy is entangled with security policy from this point forward.”

see http://cryptome.org/cyberinsecurity.htm

Easy things users can do to improve security: Recommendations of “best practices” for securing individual user’s accounts.“Use an 8 character password;Using the maximum number of characters greatly increases the complexity of guessing or cracking passwords. Beware that only the first eight characters of a password are “significant” on most UNIX systems, although the system allows you to type longer ones.”

see http://security.fnal.gov/UserGuide/password.htm“Your password will be checked for complexity”

see http://www.securitystats.com/tools/password.php

- Robert Pogson



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My Mission

My observations and opinions about IT are based on 40 years of use in science and technology and lately, in education. I like IT that is fast, cost-effective and reliable. I do not care whether my solution is the same as yours. I like to think for myself.

My first use of GNU/Linux in 2001 was so remarkably better than what I had been using, I feel it is important work to share GNU/Linux with the world. I have been blessed by working in schools where students and school systems have benefited by good, modular software easily installed in most systems.

I have shown GNU/Linux to thousands of students and hundreds of teachers over the years and will continue in some way doing that until I die in spite of the opposition.

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